本文对49个温带土壤结壳和396个干旱土壤结壳进行了比较微形态研究,其中温带土壤为巴黎盆地的耕作壤质淋溶土,干旱土壤为西非的干旱土和新成土。研究结果表明,温带土壤的结壳类型为结构结壳和沉积结壳,干旱地区土壤除具有温带土壤的两种结壳类型外,还具有下列六种类型:干燥结壳、层状结构结壳、侵蚀结壳、径流沉积结壳、沉积性结壳和砾幂结壳。 In this paper, 49 temperate soil crusts and 396 arid crusts were studied in comparison with that of temperate loam soil in Loess Plateau. The arid soil is arid and newly formed soil in West Africa. The results show that the crust types of temperate soil are structural crusts and sedimentary crusts. In addition to the two types of crusts with temperate soil, the arid soils also have the following six types: dry crusts, layered crusts , Erosion crusts, runoff sedimentary crusts, sedimentary crusts and gravel crusts.