近年我国儿童青少年近视眼的患病率逐年增加，已成为我国重大公共卫生问题，引起国家高度关注。2018年，国家教育部、国家卫生健康委员会等8个部委联合印发《综合防控儿童青少年近视实施方案》，把近视眼防控提升到国家战略层面。本文针对我国儿童青少年近视眼防控的现状和特点，剖析现阶段相关工作的重点和难点，以期为我国近视眼防控提供科学思路和参考。n （中华眼科杂志，2021，57：241-244）“,”Myopia has emerged as a public health problem with its increasing prevalence in children and adolescents in China. The Chinese government has begun to take action to address this issue in recent years. In 2018, the Implementation Plan of the Myopia Prevention and Control for Children and Adolescents was issued by the Ministry of Education and other seven ministries and commissions. The plan emphasizes the myopia prevention and management will be a powerful national strategy to a major crisis of children′s health in China. Based on the current situation and characteristics of myopia in children and adolescents in China, this article analyzes the key points and difficulties of related work, so as to provide scientific ideas and references for prevention and control of myopia in China. n (Chin J Ophthalmol, 2021, 57:241-244)