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为了履行在《京都议定书》中所作的承诺、应对气候变化,欧盟根据其2003年10月通过的《排放权交易指令》,于2005年1月1日建立起世界上第一个跨国排放权交易机制。经过五年多的发展,欧盟现已成为全球最大的碳交易市场,在欧盟范围内跨国实施的排放权交易机制多年来也因此被认为是最具有深远意义的根本性环境政策之一。本文分析了欧盟排放权交易机制建立的背景,梳理了其主要法律框架,介绍了该机制的主要内容,包括其实施阶段,国家分配计划,排放监测、配额的分配和拍卖机制以及欧盟排放权交易与其他温室气体的连接机制。由于欧盟在排放权交易实施过程中,根据实际情况对EUETS进行了多次修改,使得该机制得以不断地调整和完善,并具有实际层面的可操作性。欧盟在排放权交易实施过程中所积累的这些经验,不仅对于未来的气候框架国际谈判将起到重要的影响,对我国建立和发展排污交易权制度也是有益的借鉴。
In order to fulfill the promise made in the “Kyoto Protocol” to combat climate change, the EU established the world’s first transnational emissions trading right on January 1, 2005, based on its Emissions Trading Directive adopted in October 2003 mechanism. After more than five years of development, the EU has now become the largest carbon trading market in the world. Therefore, the cross-border emission trading mechanism implemented within the EU has therefore been considered as one of the most far-reaching fundamental environmental policies for many years. This paper analyzes the background of the establishment of the EU Emissions Trading Mechanism, combs its main legal framework, introduces the main contents of the mechanism, including its implementation phase, the national distribution plan, emission monitoring, quota allocation and auction mechanism and the EU emissions trading Mechanisms to connect with other greenhouse gases. Due to the implementation of the EU Emissions Trading Scheme, the EUETS has been modified several times according to the actual situation so that the mechanism can be constantly adjusted and improved with practical operational aspects. The experience accumulated by the EU in the implementation of emissions trading will not only have an important impact on the future international negotiations on the climate framework but also help us to establish and develop the system of emissions trading in our country.