风险是现代性的产物,当代社会中的环境风险更是与人类现有的生产、生活方式息息相关。城市环境风险的负外部性效应的影响往往会超越时间与空间的限制,不仅会影响与之直接关联的当时当地的他者,而且还会影响到在空间上与之相距甚远的他者,甚至在时间上会影响下一代人甚至数代人。环境风险问题,已经成为我国赶超型现代化中的短板,也已经成为进入发展型阶段人民群众需求的难点与痛点。城市环境风险具有五个方面的特征:客观性、普遍性、不确定、可认知性,以及时间与空间属性。作为个体几乎无法对抗系统风险,但通过对系统运作制度环境的改良与优化,却能够在相当程度上降低系统风险。以制度化、系统化的方式,降低城市环境风险,最关键的就是全面落实环境保护的各项法律法规,切实做到“有法必依”、“执法必严”。 Risk is the product of modernity. The environmental risk in contemporary society is closely related to the existing mankind’s production and life style. The negative externalities effect of urban environmental risk tend to go beyond the limits of time and space, not only affecting the local people who are directly associated with it, but also affecting the spatially distant one. Even in time affect the next generation or even generations. The issue of environmental risks has become the short board in our country’s catching-up modernization and has also become a difficult and painful point for the needs of the people entering the developmental phase. Urban environmental risk has five characteristics: objectivity, universality, uncertainty, cognizability, and temporal and spatial attributes. Almost impossible to fight the system as an individual risk, but through the improvement and optimization of system operating system environment, but to a considerable extent, reduce system risk. In the institutionalized and systematic way, to reduce the urban environmental risk, the most crucial thing is to fully implement all laws and regulations on environmental protection so that “law enforcement” and “law enforcement must be strictly implemented.”