考试以系统的方式存在,并以社会的子系统参与社会母系统的整体运行。它作为一个具有特定结构和功能的社会子系统,既有一般社会系统的普遍特性,又有其自身的结构要素和运行机制。自其成为一种相对独立的社会活动以来,它便通过输入和输出,一方面接受相关系统的诱导乃至支配;另一方面,又能动作用于相关系统。从理论上讲,要揭示考试活动的运行规律,就势必正确认识考试系统的结构要素及运行机制。就实践而论,科学把握考试系 Exams exist in a systematic way and involve the social subsystems in the overall operation of the social mother system. As a social subsystem with specific structure and function, it not only has the general characteristics of the general social system, but also has its own structural elements and operating mechanisms. Since it became a relatively independent social activity, it has received input and output, on the one hand, it has received the induction and even dominance of related systems; on the other hand, it has been able to act on related systems. In theory, to reveal the operating rules of examination activities, it is bound to correctly understand the structural elements and operating mechanisms of the examination system. As far as practice is concerned, scientifically grasp the examination system