儿童注意缺陷多动障碍(attention deficit hyperactivity disorder,ADHD)是最常见的儿童期精神障碍之一,认知缺陷是其核心缺陷。ADHD儿童在觉醒和持续注意、动机抑制、执行功能、学习和记忆等许多任务中都显示出平均以下或相当差的操作表现。有关ADHD儿童认知功能的研究有很多,涉及认知理论、神经影像学、神经电生理及神经心理测查等多方面领域。本文拟就ADHD认知功能做一简要回顾。 Children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common childhood disorders, cognitive deficits are its core defects. Children with ADHD show below average or rather poor performance in many tasks, such as awakening and constant attention, motivation inhibition, executive function, learning and memory. There are many studies on ADHD children’s cognitive function, involving cognitive theory, neuroimaging, neurophysiological and neuropsychological tests and other fields. This article intends to make a brief review of ADHD cognitive function.