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黄芪为常用中药,古今所用主流商品为蒙古黄芪和膜荚黄芪,但在收购和使用过程中,发现有伪品苦马豆的根掺入,其外形与黄芪相似。为了确保用药安全有效,对其做了较详细的鉴定,并与黄芪比较,以供参考。苦马豆中草药的鉴定1.植物形态:苦马豆系豆科植物苦马豆 Swai-nsoni(?) salsula Tanbert.半灌木,高30～60厘米。茎直立,从基部分枝,灰白色,幼枝密被平伏短柔毛。羽状复叶,小叶13～19,对生,椭圆形,长5～15毫米,宽3～8毫米,上面无毛,下面被平伏短柔毛,先端圆,微凹,基部渐狭。总状花序腋生,总花梗长4～8厘米,被平状短柔毛;花3～7朵;萼钟状,长约7毫米,密被平伏短柔毛,萼齿三角形;花冠红色,长约15毫米,旗瓣外弯,两侧边缘外卷;子房沿腹缝线密被短柔毛,荚果膨胀、
Astragalus membranaceus is a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine. The mainstream commodities used in ancient and modern times are Mongolian astragalus and Astragalus membranaceus. However, in the process of acquisition and use, it was found that the roots of the pseudo-swain horse bean were incorporated and its appearance was similar to that of Astragalus membranaceus. In order to ensure the safe and effective use of drugs, a more detailed identification of them, and compared with the Astragalus for reference. Identification of swain horse Chinese herbal medicine 1. Plant morphology: bitter horse bean line leguminous plant bitter horse bean Swai-nsoni (?) salsula Tanbert. Semi-shrub, high 30-60 cm. Stems erect, branched from base, pale, young branches densely pubescent. Pinnate, leaflets 13-19, opposite, elliptic, 5-15 mm long, 3-8 mm wide, glabrous above, below abaxially pubescent, apex rounded, slightly concave, base gradually narrowed. Racemes axillary, total pedicels 4–8 cm long, pubescent puberulent; flowers 3–7-flowered; calyx campanulate, ca. 7 mm, densely pubescently pubescent, calyx teeth triangular; corolla red, long About 15 mm, the flag is curved outwards, and the edges on both sides are rolled outwards; the ovary is densely pubescent along the abdominal suture and the capsule expands.