目的了解我国城乡老年人身心健康及社会支持的现状,并探究不同家庭支持类型对老年人身心健康影响的城乡差异。方法本研究数据来源于2013年中国健康与养老全国追踪调查(China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study,CHARLS)数据。生理健康用日常生活自理能力(ADL)/工具支持型生活自理能力(IADL)量表测量,心理健康用流行病学调查用抑郁量表(CES-D)测量。家庭支持包括经济支持、日常照料和情感慰藉。利用二分类logistic模型进行影响因素的分析。结果子女的经济支持对农村老年人的生理健康存在积极影响(P<0.05);子女的精神慰藉对农村老年人的心理健康存在积极影响(P<0.01);子女日常照料对城乡老年人的身心健康均存在积极影响(P<0.01)。结论家庭支持对老年人身心健康的影响存在明显的城乡差异,农村老年人身心健康对家庭支持的依赖性高于城市老年人。应不断完善老年人正式社会支持体系,减小城乡差距。同时继续发挥家庭支持对老年人身心健康的作用。 Objective To understand the current situation of physical and mental health and social support for the elderly in urban and rural areas in China and to explore the urban-rural differences in the impact of different types of family support on the physical and mental health of the elderly. Methods The data of this study are from the 2013 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) data. Physiological health was measured using the ADL / IADL scale and the Mental Health Epidemiological Survey using the Depression Rating Scale (CES-D). Family support includes financial support, daily care and emotional comfort. Using dichotomous logistic model to analyze the influence factors. Results The children’s financial support had a positive effect on the physical health of the elderly in rural areas (P <0.05). The psychological comfort of their children had a positive effect on the mental health of the elderly in rural areas (P <0.01) Health has a positive impact (P <0.01). Conclusion The impact of family support on the physical and mental health of the elderly has obvious differences between urban and rural areas. The physical and mental health of the elderly in rural areas is more dependent on family support than the urban elderly. The formal social support system for the elderly should be continuously improved to reduce the urban-rural gap. At the same time, we will continue to play the role of family support on the physical and mental health of the elderly.