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微生物提高原油采收率(ME-OR)技术是一种经济实惠而又有潜力的方法。大部分常规采油方法都只能采出油藏中可采原油储量的15%～50%。若在不增加额外的排液费用条件下,应用此技术可延长井的平均寿命。因为MEOR会引起油藏中的化学变化,所以它又是实施三次采油的一种环保方法。MEOR之所以在经济上变得日益可行,是因为遗传工程所培养出的更有效的微生物细菌可依靠廉价而丰富的营养物质来维持其生命。本文回顾了微生物对提高原油采收率所起的作用,同时还评价了原油开采与处理成本的潜在收益,并肯定了MEOR的各种应用及潜在发展。
Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery (ME-OR) technology is an affordable and promising method. Most conventional oil recovery methods only produce 15% to 50% of the recoverable oil reserves in the reservoir. Applying this technique can extend the well’s average life expectancy without adding extra drain costs. Because MEOR can cause chemical changes in a reservoir, it is also an environmentally friendly method of implementing tertiary recovery. The reason why MEOR is becoming economically viable is that more efficient microbial microbes developed by genetic engineering can sustain their lives on the cheap and abundant nutrients. This paper reviews the role of microorganisms in enhancing oil recovery and at the same time assesses the potential benefits of crude oil extraction and treatment costs and affirms the various applications and potential developments of MEOR.