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Objective: to investigate the effect ofimproving prehospital hypotension and hypoxemia on the prognosis of different subgroups of patients with traumat-ic brain injury (TBI). Methods: medical staff were trained about the prehospital first aid for 2 months to fully master the methods of improving prehospital hypotension and hypoxemia, then the prognosis of TBI patients pre- and post-training for 12 months was collected and recorded. The prognostic differences of different TBI subgroups were discussed through data analysis. Results: after the training, the proportion of prehospital hypotension and hypoxemia in TBI patients decreased by 77％ (8.5％ vs. 1.9％) and 63％ (9.9％ vs. 3.6％, P < 0.05), respectively. However, only the prognosis of moderate and severe TBI patients was improved, the proportion of patients with “good prognosis” increased by 14％ (61.4％ vs. 70.5％, respectively) and 62％ (35.6％ vs. 58％), and no signifi-cant effect showed in mild and critical TBI patients. Con-clusion: reducing the incidence of prehospital hypoxemia and hypotension can improve the prognosis of moderate and severe TBI patients, while no significant effect on mild and critical TBI patients.