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轴的回转精度的测试和评价是精密机械研究的重要课题之一。例如,机床主轴的回转精度对加工零件的形状精度和表面光洁度有很大影响(近年来有些超精密零件对机床主轴回转精度的要求达0.01μ)。又如,陀螺仪的主轴回转精度直接影响其指向精度。然而,目前对回转精度的定义尚不甚明确。通常用“误差运动(error motion)”来表示回转精度。虽然把误差运动定义为“回转轴线在空间的运动”,但所谓“轴的回转轴线”究竟指的是什么,至今尚无较明确的说明,也存在有争论。
The testing and evaluation of the rotary accuracy of the shaft is one of the important topics in precision mechanical research. For example, the slewing accuracy of the machine tool spindle has a great influence on the shape accuracy and surface finish of the machined part (in recent years, some ultra-precision parts require 0.01μ for turning accuracy of the machine tool spindle). In another example, the gyroscope spindle rotation accuracy directly affects the pointing accuracy. However, the definition of slew accuracy is not yet clear. Usually “error motion (error motion)” to indicate the rotation accuracy. Although the error motion is defined as “the movement of the axis of rotation in space”, what is meant by the so-called “axis of rotation of the axis” has not yet been clearly stated and there is still controversy.