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本文利用2000-2014年的省级面板数据估计了城镇化对全要素能源效率的效应。研究表明:东部地区城镇化对全要素能源效率具有显著的正向效应,中部地区城镇化对全要素能源效率的正向效应不显著,西部地区城镇化对全要素能源效率具有显著的负向效应。进一步将收入差距门槛变量纳入模型后发现,当东、中、西部收入差距门槛阈值分别低于3.1295、4.4377和5.0639时,城镇化对全要素能源效率能够产生显著的正向效应。本文的结论具有深刻的政策含义:只有积极推进城镇化节能,实施差异化的能源发展战略,善于利用收入差距倒逼能源消费结构逐渐向高层次转化,才是城镇化实现可持续发展的必由之路。
In this paper, we use provincial panel data from 2000 to 2014 to estimate the effect of urbanization on total factor energy efficiency. The results show that the urbanization in the eastern part of China has a significant positive effect on the total factor energy efficiency. The positive effect of urbanization on total factor energy efficiency in the central region is not significant. The urbanization in the western part of China has a significant negative effect on total factor energy efficiency . After further incorporating the threshold of income gap into the model, it is found that urbanization can have a significant positive effect on total factor energy efficiency when the thresholds of income gap in the eastern, central and western regions are below 3.1295, 4.4377 and 5.0639, respectively. The conclusions of this paper have profound policy implications: Only by actively promoting urbanization and energy conservation, implementing differentiated energy development strategies and being good at utilizing income disparities to force the energy consumption structure to gradually transform into higher levels is the only way for urbanization to achieve sustainable development.