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宿主对移植物的排斥除了同基因移植(isogenic graft)外,当移植物(器官、组织细胞)移植至同种受体后,由于组织相容性抗原不一致,必然会导致免疫排斥反应。这种排斥反应中既有细胞免疫又有体液免疫因素的参加。一般认为移植物与受者血流一接通,移植抗原就会很快与受者的免疫系统相接触,受者免疫系统的淋巴细胞在移植抗原激活下,经一系列转化、增殖形成具有特异免疫功能的细胞,它们通过释放各种因子来破坏移植组织细胞,同时产生的特异性抗体与移植抗原形成的免疫复合物能激活补体系统、凝血系统和激肽系统,这三个系统又相互作用产生许多活性物质,如各种激肽、化学趋化因子、组织胺、五羟色胺等,它们与血小板、多形核白细胞一起对移植物产生破坏效应,进行排斥。
Host-to-graft rejection In addition to isogenic grafts, when the graft (organ, tissue cell) transplants to the same recipient, an immune rejection reaction is inevitable due to inconsistent histocompatibility antigens. This rejection reaction in both cellular immunity and humoral immune factors to participate. Generally believed that the graft and recipient of blood flow is switched on, the transplant antigen will quickly contact with the recipient’s immune system, the recipient’s immune system of lymphocytes activated by the transplant antigen, after a series of transformation, the proliferation of the formation of a specific Immunocompetent cells that destroy the transplanted tissue cells by releasing a variety of factors while the immune complexes formed by the specific antibodies produced with the transplanted antigen activate the complement system, the coagulation system, and the kinin system, and these three systems interact again Produce many active substances, such as various kinins, chemokines, histamine, serotonin, etc., which together with platelets, polymorphonuclear leukocytes destructive effect on the graft, rejection.