论文部分内容阅读
《何为封建主义》是研讨西欧封建主义的经典。作者弗朗索瓦·冈绍夫在书中用“封建主义”一词指代西欧中世纪一套特定的法律关系或制度,即“封土—封臣”体系,他称之为狭义封建主义。西方学者大都坚持狭义封建主义,不过在何者为这套体系的核心要素上并没有共识。冈绍夫界定并集中阐释了作为“封土—封臣”体系的封建主义,指出封建主义的实质是一套法律关系。在狭义封建说的理路内,冈绍夫的封建主义定义是最严格的,其内涵也是最清晰的。冈绍夫的狭义封建与布洛赫的广义封建显著不同,然而这种不同不意味着对立,不同的背后是共性。“封土—封臣”体系既是冈绍夫定义的封建主义概念的实质,也是整个非马克思主义的封建主义概念和模式的理论基点。20世纪后半叶以来,不少论者挑战和反思封建主义概念,冈绍夫狭义封建主义的价值与局限应置于新学术语境下看待。
“What is feudalism” is a classic for studying feudalism in Western Europe. Author François Gangshof uses the term “feudalism” in his book to refer to a specific set of legal relations or institutions of the Middle Ages in Western Europe, the “enclave-vassals” system, which he termed the narrow feudal Doctrine Most Western scholars uphold the narrow feudalism, but in which the core elements of the system there is no consensus. Gangsof defines and concentrates on the feudalism as the “enclave-vassal” system and points out that the essence of feudalism is a set of legal relations. In the narrow sense of feudal theory, Gang Shaofu’s definition of feudalism is the most stringent, and its connotation is the clearest. Gang Shaofu’s narrow feudal and Bloch’s general feudal significantly different, however, this difference does not mean opposition, different behind the commonality. The system of “sealing earth - vassals” is not only the essence of the concept of feudalism as defined by Gangshaw, but also the theoretical basis of the concept and mode of feudalism as a whole non-Marxist. Since the second half of the 20th century, many critics have challenged and rethought the concept of feudalism. The value and limitation of Gangseof’s narrow feudalism should be viewed in the new academic context.