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主动语态和被动语态组成了英语的两种语态。主动语态用于主动句，表示主语是动作的执行者。被动语态用于被动句，表示主语是动作的承受者。主动语态的构成方式与动词时态相同，而被动语态由助动词be + 过去分词构成，有人称,数,时态的变化。
1. 注意短语动词和情态动词的被动结构
短语动词是一个整体，在被动语态中不可以丢掉后面的介词或副词。例如：
The old man was often laughed at. 那位老人常被人嘲笑。
Such a thing has never been heard of before. 这样的事闻所未闻。
The plan ought to be put into practice as soon as possible. 计划必须尽早施行。
2. 表示“据说”或“相信” 的词组，基本上由believe, consider, declare, expect, feel, report, say, see, suppose, think, understand等组成。例如：
It is said that that many laid-off workers have been reemployed. 据说很多下岗工人再就业了。
It is reported that an earthquake happened around Taiwan Island and has caused a lot of damage.据报道台湾附近发生了地震并且已经造成很大破坏。
It is suggested that the old office building should be torn down in two months. 据建议这座旧的办公楼过两个月要被拆除。
It is taken for granted that the young should take care of the old. 年轻人照顾老人被视为是应当的。
It must be remembered that some chemicals in the lab are not touched by bare hands. 务必要记住的是实验室的一些化学药品不能赤手触摸。
3. 注意下面情况不用被动语态
1) 不及物动词或不及物动词短语，如appear, die, disappear, end(vi. 结束), fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand, break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place等没有被动语态。例如：
After the fire, very little remained of my house. 大火过后，我家烧得所剩无几。
要想正确地使用被动语态，就须注意哪些动词是及物的，哪些动词是不及物的。特别是一词多义的动词往往有两种用法。解决这一问题唯有在学习过程中多留意积累。
2) 不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语，如fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch, agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to等。例如：
This key just fits the lock. 这把钥匙只开这把锁。
Your story agrees with what had already been heard. 你说的与我们听说的一致。
3) 系动词无被动语态，如appear, be, become, fall, feel, get, grow, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn等。例如：
It sounds good. 听上去不错。
His plan proved (to be) practical. 结果证明他的计划是很切实可行的。
4) 带同源宾语的动词如die/death, dream / dream， live / life等，以及反身代词，相互代词，不能用于被动语态。例如：
She dreamed a bad dream last night. 她昨晚做了个噩梦。
4. 主动形式表示被动意义
1)wash, clean, cook, iron, look, cut, sell, read, wear, feel, draw, write等。例如：
The plan worked out wonderfully. 这个计划实行起来效果很好。
Your pen writes smoothly.你的笔很好用。
2) blame, let(出租), remain, keep, rent, build等。例如：
I was to blame for the accident. 事故发生了，我该受指责。
Much work remains. 还有许多活要干。
Food can keep fresh in the fridge. 食品在冰箱里能保鲜。
The apartment rents for $500 a month. 这套房子每月租金为500美元。
The tension and excitement built gradually all day. 整个一天中，紧张与兴奋的气氛越来越浓。
3) 在need, require, want, worth (形容词), deserve后的动名词必须用主动形式。例如：
The door needs repairing. = The door needs to be repaired. 门该修了。
This book is worth reading.这本书值得一读。
4) 特殊结构：make sb. heard / understood (使别人能听见/理解自己)等。例如：
Explain it clearly and make yourself understood. 解释清楚些，让别人能理解你的话。
5. 被动形式表示主动意义，如 be determined, be pleased, be graduated (from), be prepared (for), be occupied (in), get married等。例如：
He is graduated from a famous university. 他毕业于一所有名的大学。
注意：表示同某人结婚，用marry sb. 或get married to sb.均可。例如：
He married a rich girl.他与一个富妞结婚了。= He got married to a rich girl.
【巩固练习】
1. The stone bridge________(build) in our hometown for ten years.
2. The desk must________ (clean) once a day.
3. The dog________ (lie) on the floor when I came in.
4. It________ (rain) heavily when I got home.
5. The students________ (do) their homework. ________ (not make) any noise!
6. He’ll telephone us as soon as he________(arrive) there.
7. As the wet coat is being hung in the open,it________ (dry) easily.
8. A pen is used for________ (write).
9. All that must________ (do).
10. The radio________ (use) once in a week in our class. It________ (not use) yesterday because there was something wrong with it.
Keys： 1. have been built2. be cleaned 3. was lying4. was raining5. are doing, Don’t make6. arrives7. dries8. writing9. be done10. is used, wasn’t used ★
1. 注意短语动词和情态动词的被动结构
短语动词是一个整体，在被动语态中不可以丢掉后面的介词或副词。例如：
The old man was often laughed at. 那位老人常被人嘲笑。
Such a thing has never been heard of before. 这样的事闻所未闻。
The plan ought to be put into practice as soon as possible. 计划必须尽早施行。
2. 表示“据说”或“相信” 的词组，基本上由believe, consider, declare, expect, feel, report, say, see, suppose, think, understand等组成。例如：
It is said that that many laid-off workers have been reemployed. 据说很多下岗工人再就业了。
It is reported that an earthquake happened around Taiwan Island and has caused a lot of damage.据报道台湾附近发生了地震并且已经造成很大破坏。
It is suggested that the old office building should be torn down in two months. 据建议这座旧的办公楼过两个月要被拆除。
It is taken for granted that the young should take care of the old. 年轻人照顾老人被视为是应当的。
It must be remembered that some chemicals in the lab are not touched by bare hands. 务必要记住的是实验室的一些化学药品不能赤手触摸。
3. 注意下面情况不用被动语态
1) 不及物动词或不及物动词短语，如appear, die, disappear, end(vi. 结束), fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand, break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place等没有被动语态。例如：
After the fire, very little remained of my house. 大火过后，我家烧得所剩无几。
要想正确地使用被动语态，就须注意哪些动词是及物的，哪些动词是不及物的。特别是一词多义的动词往往有两种用法。解决这一问题唯有在学习过程中多留意积累。
2) 不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语，如fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch, agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to等。例如：
This key just fits the lock. 这把钥匙只开这把锁。
Your story agrees with what had already been heard. 你说的与我们听说的一致。
3) 系动词无被动语态，如appear, be, become, fall, feel, get, grow, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn等。例如：
It sounds good. 听上去不错。
His plan proved (to be) practical. 结果证明他的计划是很切实可行的。
4) 带同源宾语的动词如die/death, dream / dream， live / life等，以及反身代词，相互代词，不能用于被动语态。例如：
She dreamed a bad dream last night. 她昨晚做了个噩梦。
4. 主动形式表示被动意义
1)wash, clean, cook, iron, look, cut, sell, read, wear, feel, draw, write等。例如：
The plan worked out wonderfully. 这个计划实行起来效果很好。
Your pen writes smoothly.你的笔很好用。
2) blame, let(出租), remain, keep, rent, build等。例如：
I was to blame for the accident. 事故发生了，我该受指责。
Much work remains. 还有许多活要干。
Food can keep fresh in the fridge. 食品在冰箱里能保鲜。
The apartment rents for $500 a month. 这套房子每月租金为500美元。
The tension and excitement built gradually all day. 整个一天中，紧张与兴奋的气氛越来越浓。
3) 在need, require, want, worth (形容词), deserve后的动名词必须用主动形式。例如：
The door needs repairing. = The door needs to be repaired. 门该修了。
This book is worth reading.这本书值得一读。
4) 特殊结构：make sb. heard / understood (使别人能听见/理解自己)等。例如：
Explain it clearly and make yourself understood. 解释清楚些，让别人能理解你的话。
5. 被动形式表示主动意义，如 be determined, be pleased, be graduated (from), be prepared (for), be occupied (in), get married等。例如：
He is graduated from a famous university. 他毕业于一所有名的大学。
注意：表示同某人结婚，用marry sb. 或get married to sb.均可。例如：
He married a rich girl.他与一个富妞结婚了。= He got married to a rich girl.
【巩固练习】
1. The stone bridge________(build) in our hometown for ten years.
2. The desk must________ (clean) once a day.
3. The dog________ (lie) on the floor when I came in.
4. It________ (rain) heavily when I got home.
5. The students________ (do) their homework. ________ (not make) any noise!
6. He’ll telephone us as soon as he________(arrive) there.
7. As the wet coat is being hung in the open,it________ (dry) easily.
8. A pen is used for________ (write).
9. All that must________ (do).
10. The radio________ (use) once in a week in our class. It________ (not use) yesterday because there was something wrong with it.
Keys： 1. have been built2. be cleaned 3. was lying4. was raining5. are doing, Don’t make6. arrives7. dries8. writing9. be done10. is used, wasn’t used ★