目的了解本地HI V/AIDS患者的一般情况、传播途径,分析其临床特点,总结出本地艾滋病患者的机会性感染发病谱从而指导早期诊断和治疗。方法对长沙市传染病医院2003年4月-2009年8月底收治的388例HI V/AIDS患者进行回顾性分析。结果388例HI V/AIDS患者以农民、小城镇外出打工人员为主;主要传播途径为性传播;40.98%的患者胸片检查异常,绝大多数的患者CD4+T淋巴细胞<200个/μl;最常见的临床症状为发热、体重减轻、咳嗽、慢性腹泻、皮肤病变及淋巴结肿大;机会性感染发生率为91.75%,最常见的机会性感染是口腔真菌感染(占54.12%),肺部感染(占45.10%)(其中包括卡氏肺孢子虫肺炎及肺结核),合并感染结核者占36.08%(包括肺结核及肺外结核)。结论本地HI V/AIDS的人群以农民、打工人员为主,传播途径主要是性传播;机会性感染以鹅口疮最为常见,其次为肺部感染,且表现为多系统、多种致病微生物并存,细菌、真菌、病毒均为常见病原,呼吸、消化系统以及皮肤软组织为常见感染部位。 Objective To understand the general situation and route of transmission of local HI V / AIDS patients and to analyze their clinical features and summarize the spectrum of opportunistic infections in local AIDS patients to guide early diagnosis and treatment. Methods 388 cases of HI V / AIDS patients admitted to Changsha Infectious Disease Hospital from April 2003 to the end of August 2009 were retrospectively analyzed. Results 388 cases of HI V / AIDS patients were migrant workers and migrant workers in small towns. The main route of transmission was sexually transmitted. In 40.98% of the patients, abnormal chest X-ray examination was performed. Most patients had CD4 + T lymphocytes <200 / μl ; The most common clinical symptoms were fever, weight loss, cough, chronic diarrhea, skin lesions and lymphadenopathy. The incidence of opportunistic infections was 91.75%. The most common opportunistic infections were oral fungal infections (54.12%), lung (45.10%) (including Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and tuberculosis), and 36.08% (including tuberculosis and extrapulmonary tuberculosis) were infected with tuberculosis. Conclusions The population of local HI V / AIDS is dominated by peasants and migrant workers, and the main route of transmission is sexual transmission. The most common opportunistic infections are thrush, followed by pulmonary infection, which is characterized by multiple systems and multiple pathogenic microorganisms , Bacteria, fungi, viruses are common pathogens, respiratory, digestive system and skin and soft tissue as a common site of infection.