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目的研究N-乙酰半胱氨酸(NAC)对快速上浮脱险致减压病大鼠心肺组织的影响。方法雄性SD大鼠80只,随机分为4组,每组20只。实验组于进舱前1 h通过腹腔注射NAC溶液(注射剂量分别为250、500和1000 mg/kg),对照组于进舱前1 h腹腔注射相同体积生理盐水。压缩空气以指数速率2t/7加压至1.5 MPa,停留4min后匀速减压至常压出舱。出舱后即观察大鼠行为学表现并统计存活率,出舱后0.5 h活杀大鼠,取心、肺组织,观察其病理变化。结果 NAC 500 mg/kg组大鼠存活率(90%)显著高于对照组(65%)(P<0.05);对照组大鼠肺泡结构大面积破坏融合,肺泡腔内可见红细胞渗出;心肌纤维水肿、变性,断裂明显。而NAC组大鼠肺泡壁增厚程度和心肌纤维水肿程度均较对照组轻微。结论 NAC可通过减轻大鼠心肺组织的损伤和炎症预防快速上浮脱险所致减压病的发生。
Objective To investigate the effect of NAC on heart and lung tissue of rats with decompression sickness induced by rapid ascent and descent. Methods Eighty male SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups with 20 rats in each group. The experimental group was intraperitoneally injected with NAC solution (250, 500 and 1000 mg / kg respectively) 1 h before entering into the capsule, and the control group was intraperitoneally injected with the same volume of normal saline 1 h before entering into the capsule. Compressed air at an exponential rate of 2t / 7 pressurized to 1.5 MPa, stay 4min uniform decompression to atmospheric pressure out of the cabin. The behavior of the rats was observed after they were exited and the survival rate was calculated. After 0.5 h, the rats were killed, the heart and the lung were taken and the pathological changes were observed. Results The survival rate (90%) of rats in NAC 500 mg / kg group was significantly higher than that in control group (65%) (P <0.05). In the control group, alveolar structure was destroyed and fused in large area, Muscle fiber edema, degeneration, fracture obvious. However, the degree of alveolar wall thickening and the degree of myocardial fibrosis in the NAC group were lower than those in the control group. Conclusion NAC can prevent the occurrence of decompression sickness caused by rapid ascent and descent risk by relieving the injury and inflammation of heart and lung tissue in rats.