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埃米里奥·赛格瑞(EmilioSegre),著名的意大利核物理专家,因发现反质子而得以分享1959年的诺贝尔物理学奖。赛格瑞于1984年4月22日在加利福尼亚州拉菲伊特他家附近逝世。虽然赛格瑞以研究原子核而最为人们所熟知,但他早期所从事的都属于原子物理领域。在1930年至1932年期间,他对原子光谱的禁戒线及其塞曼效应进行了一系列实验研究。一项关于碱性原子高能级受激状态的斯塔克效应的研究,导致发现了因异种气体的存在而在这些能级上的能量转换。费米在1933年提出的关于这一现象的理论代表了对这种状态特性的第一次承认。这种状态而今被称为里德伯状态。赛格瑞和费米还在原子排列的超精细结构理论方面携手合作。 1934年,赛格瑞转向核物理领域。他当时在罗马大学的费米小组工作。他参与的研究项目和所取得的成果有:对用中子轰击铀和钍产生人工放射性同位素的最初研究;发现慢中子;以及发现用介质和重核吸收慢中子的特大有效截面。费米小组还证明了慢中子能够影响热能,它成为裂变研究中的一个重要过程。以后,赛格瑞同在巴勒摩大学的佩利尔一起发现了原子序数为43的不明元素的几种长寿命同位素。他们以后就把这种由原子轰击钼而产生的元素命名为锝。
Emilio Segre, a renowned Italian nuclear physicist, was able to share the 1959 Nobel Prize in Physics for discovering anti-protons. Saigerui died on April 22, 1984 near his home in Raveiet, California. Although Saigerui is most familiar with the study of the nucleus, all his earlier work belongs to the field of atomic physics. From 1930 to 1932, he conducted a series of experimental studies on the banned lines of the atomic spectrum and the Zeeman effect. A study of the Stark effect on the excited state of high energy levels of basic atoms has led to the discovery of energy transitions at these energy levels due to the presence of heterogeneous gases. The theory of this phenomenon proposed by Fermi in 1933 represents the first recognition of this state characteristic. This state is now known as Rydberg state. Saigerui and Fermi also work together in the atomic arrangement of ultrafine structure theory. In 1934, Saigerui shift to nuclear physics. He was working in the Fermi group at the University of Rome. His research projects and achievements include the initial study on the artificial radioisotope production of neutron bombardment of uranium and thorium; the discovery of slow neutrons; and the discovery of extraordinarily efficient sections that absorb slow neutrons with medium and heavy nuclei. The Fermi team also demonstrated that slow neutrons can affect thermal energy, which has become an important process in fission research. Later, Saigerui, along with Paierll at the University of Palermo, discovered several long-lived isotopes of unknown atomic number 43. They later named the element produced by atom-bombardment of molybdenum as technetium.