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为了考察贫困和歧视知觉对儿童亲社会行为和问题行为的影响,采用问卷调查方式,测查了北京、天津、洛阳和南阳四个城市20多所学校的2670名5-8年级儿童,考察其物质资源、所拥有的教育资源,歧视知觉及亲社会行为和问题行为。结果发现:(1)贫困家庭儿童的物质资源指数、教育资源指数显著低于非贫困组,歧视知觉显著高于非贫困组;(2)贫困组儿童的亲社会行为显著低于非贫困组,而问题行为显著高于非贫困组。(3)在贫困与非贫困家庭中,歧视知觉对儿童亲社会行为和问题行为均有显著的预测作用,随着经济状况的改善,歧视知觉对问题行为的预测更大。结果说明,歧视知觉比贫困更值得关注,可以为贫困生心理健康教育提供一定的参考。
In order to investigate the impact of poverty and discrimination on children’s prosocial behaviors and behavior problems, a questionnaire survey was conducted to investigate 2,670 children aged 5-8 in more than 20 schools in Beijing, Tianjin, Luoyang and Nanyang. Material resources, educational resources owned, discrimination perception and prosocial behavior and problem behaviors. The results showed as follows: (1) The material resource index and education resource index of children in poor families were significantly lower than that of non-poor group, and the discrimination perception was significantly higher than that of non-poor group; (2) The pro-social behavior of children in poor group was significantly lower than non- The problem behavior was significantly higher than non-poor group. (3) In both poor and non-poor families, discrimination perception has a significant predictive effect on children’s prosocial behavior and behavior. With the improvement of economic conditions, discrimination perceptions have more predictions on behavior. The results show that discriminatory perception is more worthy of attention than poverty, which can provide some reference for poor students’ mental health education.