目的了解苏州市5岁以下儿童病毒性腹泻病原体的分布情况,为病毒性腹泻的防治提供科学依据。方法收集2014年1月至2015年12月苏州大学附属儿童医院因腹泻住院的5岁以下儿童的粪便标本,采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测轮状病毒(HRV),用聚合酶链反应(PCR)和逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)检测杯状病毒(Hu CV)、肠道腺病毒(EAd V)及星状病毒(Ast V)。结果 737份样本中,HRV、Hu CV,EAd V、Ast V阳性率分别为28.09%、17.23%、3.12%、1.63%,其中混合感染36份。男、女患儿病毒检出率差异无统计学意义(=0.211,P=0.646);12~18月龄患儿病毒检出率最高(62.11%),其次为18~24月龄(60.66%),不同年龄组病毒检出率差异有统计学意义(=46.764,P<0.001);病毒检出高峰集中在10月至次年1月,不同月份病毒检出率差异有统计学意义(=159.291,P<0.001);207份HRV阳性样本中病毒毒株G分型以G9型为主,占86.47%,P分型以P8型为主,占93.24%。结论HRV和Hu CV是引起苏州市5岁以下儿童病毒性腹泻的主要病原体;病毒检出高峰集中在秋冬季,易感人群以2岁以下的儿童为主;HRV主要血清型为G9型、主要基因型为P8型。 Objective To understand the distribution of viral pathogens in children under 5 years old in Suzhou and provide a scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of viral diarrhea. Methods Stool samples of children under 5 years of age hospitalized for diarrhea at Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University from January 2014 to December 2015 were collected. The rotavirus (HRV) was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (Hu CV), intestinal adenovirus (EAd V) and astrovirus (Ast V) were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) Results Among the 737 samples, the positive rates of HRV, Hu CV, EAd V and Ast V were 28.09%, 17.23%, 3.12% and 1.63% respectively, of which 36 were mixed infections. The detection rate of virus in boys and girls was not statistically significant (= 0.211, P = 0.646). The detection rate of virus in children aged 12-18 months was the highest (62.11%), followed by 18-24 months (60.66% ), The detection rate of virus in different age groups was significantly different (= 46.764, P <0.001). The peak of virus detection was concentrated in October to January of the following year, the difference of virus detection rate in different months was statistically significant (= 159.291, P <0.001). The genotype G of 207 strains of HRV positive samples was mainly G9, accounting for 86.47%. P type was mainly P8, accounting for 93.24%. Conclusions HRV and Hu CV are the main pathogens causing viral diarrhea in children under 5 years of age in Suzhou. The detection peak of virus is concentrated in the autumn and winter, while the susceptible population is dominated by children under 2 years old. The major serotype of HRV is G9, The genotype is P8.