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体制转轨与发展转型是转轨时期的双重任务,转轨时期的总成本可以因转轨路径、政策安排的不同而得到控制,但成本一旦发生就具有客观性,不会因为转轨阶段的转换而消失,前一期间内被推迟、忽略、隐藏的成本都会以累积、转移的方式在后续的转轨过程中或转轨结束时反映出来,成为必须最终结清的费用,从而对转轨的最终绩效评价产生校正作用,或者直接在过程中对转轨的效率产生影响。中国转轨过程及绩效评价模式的转变,可以1998-2004为一个转折,这之前的着眼点在于打破一个旧体制、建立新体制,并在这一过程中以经济的快速增长解决温饱问题。这之后的着眼点是要在完善新体制的过程中建设全面小康社会,要把经济发展、社会发展和人的发展统一起来,让各个方面在相互适应中获得持续发展。到转轨结束时,对于转轨过程的评价应该包括三个方面:一是是否建立了一个好的市场经济体制;二是是否确立了一种好的经济社会发展模式;三是是否为未来的经济社会发展奠定了一个好的现实基础。中国目前转轨的实践进展已经提示我们,将转轨作为一个完整过程来考察,将转轨的目标、绩效的评价、费用的结算、政策的选择联系起来。从全局、从转轨完成后的经济社会考虑,既是一个重要的方法论的转变,更是一项十分重要的现实任务。
The transition of the system and the transformation of development are dual tasks during the transitional period. The total cost in the transitional period can be controlled due to the different transition paths and policy arrangements. However, once the costs have been incurred, they will be objective and will not disappear due to the transition of the transitional period. The cost of being postponed, neglected and hidden in a period will be reflected in the subsequent transition process or the end of the transition in a cumulative and transfer manner, becoming the costs that must be finally settled, so as to correct the final performance evaluation of the transition, Or directly affect the efficiency of the transition in the process. The transition of China’s transitional process and performance evaluation model can be a turning point from 1998-2004. Prior to that, the focus was on breaking down an old system and establishing a new system, and in the process solved the problem of food and clothing with rapid economic growth. The focus after this point is to establish an overall well-to-do society in the process of perfecting the new system, integrate economic development, social development and human development so that all parties can achieve sustainable development through mutual adaptation. To the end of the transition, the evaluation of the transition process should include three aspects: First, whether to establish a good market economy system; second is whether to establish a good economic and social development model; third is whether the future economic and social The development has laid a good foundation for reality. The current practice of transition in China has prompted us to examine the transition as a complete process, linking the goals of transition, the evaluation of performance, the settlement of fees and the choice of policies. From the overall perspective and from the economic and social considerations after the transition is completed, it is not only an important methodological change but also a very important realistic task.