目的:农村水和环境卫生服务的改善是提高贫困人口生活质量、转变生活方式、促进经济增长的重要途径,其经济和社会意义日渐凸显。方法:借助检索工具对国际、国内相关研究进行了全面梳理与回顾,并对近几年涉及中国、印度等发展中国家的英文文献进行了分析。结论:将水和环境卫生的研究分为两个阶段:初级阶段——20世纪70年代到90年代初,深入阶段——21世纪至今。 Purpose: Improving water and sanitation services in rural areas is an important way to improve the quality of life of poor people, change their way of life and promote economic growth. Their economic and social significance have become increasingly prominent. Methods: With the help of search tools, the international and domestic related researches were comprehensively reviewed and reviewed. The English literatures concerning developing countries such as China and India in recent years were also analyzed. Conclusion: The study of water and sanitation is divided into two phases: the primary phase - from the 1970s to the early 1990s, the in-depth phase - from the 21st century to the present.