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脑水肿是各种脑疾患的普通、常见的非特异性表现,可由肿瘤,创伤,感染所引起,也可由中毒,缺氧和代谢紊乱所致。近十年来,应用生化、生理及超微结构技术对脑水肿临床及实验研究,已阐明脑水肿的多种病理和临床类型。概念脑肿胀或脑水肿与脑郁血系指脑含水量增加而引起脑容量增加。局限或轻度的脑水肿很少或几不合并脑功能紊乱的临床表现。重度脑水肿则可引起明显的局灶性或普遍性脑功能紊乱的体征,也可引起延髓循环及呼吸中枢衰竭。颅腔内脑重量为1,400克,血容量约75毫升,颅内脑脊液约75毫升,脑血流约750毫升/分。由于脑静脉和静脉窦阻塞或脑动脉扩张(例如高碳酸血症)可引起脑郁血,脑血容量增加。脑郁血可为轻度,暂时性,但重度脑郁血则可伴有血管性脑水肿。
Brain edema is a common and common non-specific manifestation of various brain disorders, which can be caused by tumors, trauma and infection, as well as by poisoning, hypoxia and metabolic disorders. The past decade, the application of biochemical, physiological and ultrastructure of brain edema clinical and experimental studies have elucidated a variety of brain edema pathology and clinical types. Concept Brain swelling or cerebral edema and cerebral blood refers to the increase of brain water content caused by increased brain capacity. Limited or mild brain edema with little or no clinical manifestations of brain dysfunction. Severe cerebral edema can cause significant focal or general brain dysfunction signs, can also cause the medulla oblongata and respiratory center failure. Intracranial intracranial brain weight of 1,400 grams, about 75 ml blood volume, intracranial cerebrospinal fluid about 75 ml, cerebral blood flow about 750 ml / min. Due to cerebral venous and sinus obstruction or expansion of cerebral arteries (such as hypercapnia) can cause cerebral blood flow, increased cerebral blood volume. Cerebral blood may be mild, temporary, but severe cerebral hemorrhage may be associated with vascular brain edema.