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从1992年到2000年,研究了13种不同肥料处理对小麦产量和品质的影响.结果表明:无肥区小麦产量最低,占全肥区产量的50%左右,但历年产量稳定在1 3～1 4t/hm2,并没有随试验的进行而逐年下降,说明中性紫色土基础地力产量稳定、持久,但是较低;缺N或缺P的各处理(PK,N,NK),随着试验的进行,产量逐年降低,从试验的第6年起,小麦产量接近无肥区产量,之后稳定在1 4～1 5t/hm2;氮肥单施,其肥效逐年降低,由开始的9 4kg降至0 5kg;氮肥与磷钾肥配施,氮肥肥效则稳定在8kg左右;磷肥肥效呈逐年上升之势,由开始的3 5kg上升至16 8kg;在试验的前5年,钾肥对小麦没有增产作用,从第6年开始,钾肥对小麦增产效果明显,每千克K2O增产小麦7 4kg;不施氮肥处理,小麦茎叶和籽粒含氮量均较低,其茎叶含氮量比施氮处理平均值低43%,籽粒含氮量比施氮处理平均值低24%;不施氮肥处理粗蛋白含量比施氮处理低3个百分点;凡施用磷肥处理,籽粒中含磷量比不施磷处理高30%左右,茎叶中含磷量比不施磷处理高1倍.
The effects of 13 different fertilizer treatments on the yield and quality of wheat were studied from 1992 to 2000. The results showed that the yield of wheat in the no-fertilizer area was the lowest, accounting for about 50% of the yield in the whole-fertilizer area, but the annual output was stable at 13 ~ 1 4t / hm2, which did not decrease year by year as the experiment progressed, indicating that the ground-based yield of the neutral purple soil is stable and long-lasting, but low; the treatments of deficient N or deficient P (PK, N and NK) , The output decreased year by year. From the sixth year of the experiment, the wheat yield was close to that of the no-fat zone, and then stabilized at 14 ~ 15t / hm2. When the nitrogen fertilizer was applied alone, its fertilizer efficiency decreased year by year from the initial 94kg 0 5kg; nitrogen fertilizer and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer is stable at about 8kg; fertilizer efficiency showed an upward trend year by year, from the beginning of 35kg up to 16 8kg; in the first 5 years of testing, potassium did not increase the yield of wheat, From the 6th year onwards, the yield increase effect of potash fertilizer on wheat was obvious, yielding 7 4kg wheat per kilogram of K2O. The nitrogen content of stems, leaves and kernels of wheat was lower than that of N treatment Low 43%, grain nitrogen content lower than the average nitrogen treatment 24%; no nitrogen fertilizer crude protein content than nitrogen treatment low 3 percentage points. Where P fertilizer was applied, the content of phosphorus in grains was 30% higher than that in non-P treatments, and the content of P in stems and leaves was 1 times higher than that in non-P treatment.