新生儿期的遗传病往往具有临床症状不典型、病情较为严重等特点，从而造成诊断和治疗的困难。随着测序技术的不断发展，第二代测序技术以其高通量、低成本、快速化检测等优势逐渐应用于临床领域。全外显子组测序(whole exome sequencing，WES)技术作为第二代测序技术的一种，仅对基因组外显子区域进行序列捕获、富集并测序，再利用生物信息学手段对WES产生的大量数据进行分析和筛选，从而找到遗传病的变异基因或位点。WES技术因其具有检查结果提示全面和报告周期短的优势，逐渐成为新生儿遗传病分子诊断的重要手段。“,”Genetic diseases that have shown clinical symptoms in neonatal period are often characterized with atypical symptoms and serious condition, which contributes to difficulties in diagnosis and treatment.With the progress of sequencing technology, the next-generation sequencing technology is gradually applied to the clinical field with its advantages of high throughput, low cost and rapid detection.As one of next-generation sequencing technologies, the whole exome sequencing technology(WES)captures, enriches and sequences the genomic exon regions, and then the large amount of WES data is analyzed by bioinformatics methods and screened to find variant site in gene that causes genetic disease.WES technology has gradually become an important means of diagnosis in neonatal genetic diseases because of its advantages of comprehensive results and short reporting period.