美国Mount Sinai医学院的Bona用基因工程方法使抗体携带病毒表位用作疫苗。该方法的理论基础是,抗体应是理想的抗原载体,它们可在体内循环1周以上,易被抗原提呈细胞（APC）上的Fc受体吸附。APC又消化抗体,并通过其表面的Ⅱ类主要组织相容性复合物（MHC）提呈抗原表位,这种表位可诱生杀伤T细胞。Bona等认为,这是疫苗激发长期强体液和细胞免疫应答的良好方法。 Bona等用神经氨酸酶脱去唾液酸（NANA）中碳水化合物尾。一旦溶液中有足够的游离NANA,免疫球蛋白（Ig）重链上的半乳糖残基便暴露出来。通过加入半乳糖 Bona at Mount Sinai School of Medicine uses a genetic engineering method to make the antibody carry a viral epitope as a vaccine. The rationale for this approach is that antibodies should be ideal antigen carriers that can be circulated in the body for more than 1 week and are readily adsorbed by Fc receptors on antigen presenting cells (APCs). APC digests antibodies and presents antigenic epitopes through its surface class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC), an epitope that can induce killer T cells. Bona et al believe that this is a good way for the vaccine to stimulate long-term strong humoral and cellular immune responses. Bona and others use neuraminidase to remove carbohydrate tail from sialic acid (NANA). Once enough free NANA is in solution, galactose residues on the immunoglobulin (Ig) heavy chain are exposed. By adding galactose