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制造业与生产性服务业的关系是动态演化的过程。交易成本与竞争力影响企业生产模式选择,而内部化和外部化程度影响制造业与生产性服务业之间的关系状态。市场竞争和利益诉求促使企业根据环境条件不断调整生产决策,力求充分利用外部化和内部化的正效应并试图规避负效应。制造业和生产性服务业先后经历了外部化、内部化、泛内部化的过程。按照外部化和内部化程度,文章将制造业和生产性服务业关系演变大致分为五个阶段和对应的五种关系,并分析了两者关系演变的内在机理。推动制造业外部化进程,关键是要降低交易成本;推动以生产性服务业为主的服务业外部化进程,关键是要进一步放开服务业市场,降低进入门槛,促进公平竞争;促进制造业与服务业的协同发展,关键是要促进服务型制造、制造业服务化;加快生产性服务业发展,关键是要发展面向制造业的信息技术服务,创新业务模式和新业态,实现与制造业企业的无缝对接,提升服务业对制造业转型升级的支撑能力。
The relationship between manufacturing and producer services is a dynamic process of evolution. Transaction costs and competitiveness affect the choice of production mode, while the degree of internalization and externalization affect the relationship between manufacturing and producer services. Market competition and interest demands urge enterprises to continuously adjust their production decisions according to environmental conditions and strive to make full use of the positive and negative effects of externalization and internalization. Manufacturing and producer services have undergone the process of externalization, internalization and internalization. According to the degree of externalization and internalization, the article divides the evolution of the relationship between manufacturing and producer services into five stages and five corresponding relations, and analyzes the inherent mechanism of the evolution of the relationship between the two. The key to promoting the externalization of manufacturing industry is to reduce transaction costs. The key to promoting the service industry’s externalization based on producer services is to further liberalize the service market, reduce barriers to entry, promote fair competition, and promote manufacturing The key to synergistic development with service industries is to promote service-oriented manufacturing and service-oriented manufacturing. To speed up the development of producer services, the key is to develop information technology services for the manufacturing industry, innovate business models and new formats, Seamless docking of enterprises to enhance the service industry support for the transformation and upgrading of manufacturing capacity.