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目的:探讨骨髓间充质干细胞(bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells,BM-MSCs)移植治疗大鼠后肢动脉缺血的最佳移植方法.方法:SD大鼠24只,随机分为4组:空白对照组、模型组、经穴注射BM-MSCs治疗组(简称穴注组)、肌肉注射BM-MSCs治疗组(简称肌注组).穴注组取“三阴交”“后三里”“照海”“环跳”“阳陵泉”穴,肌注组在缺血后肢腓肠肌、内收肌任取5个非穴位点,两组均注射BM-MSCs.采用离断股动脉及其分支的方法制造大鼠后肢缺血模型.采用激光多普勒血流仪连续监测大鼠后肢患、健侧血流量(perfuse unit,PU),并用PU指数(患侧PU值/健侧PU值,PUI)表示血流量的增加值.检测血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)和碱性纤维母细胞生长因子(bFGF)的含量,免疫组织化学半定量分析VEGF和bFGF的表达量.结果:与模型组、肌注组相比,穴注组PUI在干细胞注射后第3天、14天、21天显著升高(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).与模型组相比,穴注组和肌注组的血清VEGF、bFGF及免疫组织化学VEGF、bFGF的表达量显著升高(均P＜0.01).结论:经穴注射BM-MSCs后,大鼠缺血后肢血流灌注恢复速度快,与肌肉注射的方法相比,能显著改善缺血大鼠后肢的血流量.“,”Objective To find out the best injection method of the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) transplantation in the treatment of a rat model with hind limb arterial ischemia.Methods Twenty-four SD rats were randomly divided into four groups: normal control group, model group, BM-MSCs acupoint injection group (AI group) and BM-MSCs muscular injection group (MI group).Acupoints of“Sānyīnjiāo”(三阴交SP 6),“Hòusāniǐ”(后三里ST 36),“Zhàohǎi”(照海KI 6),“Huántiào”(环跳 GB 30)and“Yánglíngquán”(阳陵泉GB 34)were selected fbr Al group,and five nonacupoints were selected on gastrocnemius and adductor of ischemic hind limbs in the MI group. BMMSCs were injected to the latter two groups. The ischemic hind limb rat model was established using the method of blocking the femoral artery and its branches. The changes of blood flow (perfuse unit,PU) in the affected hind limb and the healthy hind limb were consecutively monitored with laser Doppler flowmetery. The PU index (PUI, the PU ratio of the affected hind limb to the healthy hind limb blood perfusion to describe the visual increment of the blood flow. Besides, the levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) were detected, and the expressions of VEGF and bFGF were observed by immunohistochemical semiquantitative analysis. Results Compared with the model group and the MI group, the PUI was significantly higher in the AI group on the 3rd, 14th and 21st day after injection of BM-MSCs (P＜0.05, P＜0.01). Compared with the model group, the serum VEGF, bFGF levels and the immunohistochemical expressions of VEGF and bFGF in the AI and MI groups were significantly increased (all P＜0.01). Conclusion After injection of BM-MSCs through the acupoint, the recovery speed of perfusion in the ischemic rat hind limbs was fast. Compared with the muscular injection, it can significantly improve the blood flow in the ischemic rat hind limbs.