可逆性后部白质脑病综合征(RPLS)是近年临床发现的一类新的白质脑病,由多种病因引发,以迅速进展为高血压脑病、颅内高压为表现,临床特征包括头痛、呕吐、意识障碍和癫痫发作等。头颅CT或MR图像显示双侧大脑后部为主的对称性片状白质脑水肿,适当的治疗可使临床症状和神经影像学改变完全逆转,故早期正确诊断和治疗十分重要。 Reversible posterior white matter encephalopathy syndrome (RPLS) is a newly discovered group of new white matter encephalopathy discovered clinically in recent years. It is caused by a variety of etiologies, with rapid progression to hypertensive encephalopathy and intracranial hypertension. The clinical features include headache, vomiting, Disturbance of consciousness and seizures. Head CT or MR images show the symmetry flaky white matter brain edema in the bilateral posterior part of the brain. Appropriate treatment can completely reverse the clinical symptoms and neuroimaging changes. Therefore, it is very important to diagnose and treat early correctly.