论文部分内容阅读
1引言1.1背景脑积水可宽泛地定义为脑脊液(cerebrospinal fluid,CSF)的形成、流动或吸收紊乱导致其在中枢神经系统(central nervous system,CNS)内所占的体积增加。这种情况也可称为CSF的流体动力学紊乱。急性脑积水在数天内发生,亚急性脑积水在数周内、慢性脑积水在数月或数年内发生。诸如脑萎缩和局部破坏性损害之类的病变也可导致CNS内CSF异常增多。在这些情形下,脑组织缺失会留下一个可由CSF被动充盈的未用空间。此类情况不是流体动力学紊乱的结果,因此不能归为脑积水。过去用来描述这些情况的错误名称是脑外积水(hydrocephalus ex vacuo)。
1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background Hydrocephalus can be broadly defined as the formation, flow or absorption disorder of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leading to its increased volume in the central nervous system (CNS). This condition can also be referred to as a hydrodynamic disorder of CSF. Acute hydrocephalus occurs within a few days, with subacute hydrocephalus occurring within months or years in a matter of weeks. Lesions such as brain atrophy and locally damaging lesions can also lead to abnormally increased CSF levels within the CNS. In these situations, brain tissue loss leaves behind an unused space that can be filled by the CSF passively. Such conditions are not the result of hydrodynamic disturbances and therefore can not be classified as hydrocephalus. The wrong name used to describe these situations was hydrocephalus ex vacuo.