关于汉字的形体结构,很早就有“六书”的说法,东汉许慎所著的《说文解字》并对“六书”作了解释,举了例字。所谓“六书”,即象形、指事、会意、形声、转注、假借六种造字方法。这是战国以来许慎等人根据汉字的形体结构和使用情况,加以分析归纳出来的字体分类。我们了解一些六书知识,对辨识汉字,读懂古书有一定的作用,下面对六书作一些简单的介绍。 一、象形 许慎说:“象形者,画成其物,随体诘诎,日月是也。”诘诎即折屈,意思是描摹事物的形体,根据物体的形状运笔。如日月()等字。象形,也就是象实物之形。只不过我国的文字经过了从甲骨文、金文、篆书、隶书到楷书的变化,所以很难看出象形字的原形了。 Regarding the physical structure of Chinese characters, there have long been the saying of “six books”, “Shuo Wen Jie Zi” written by Xu Shen in the Eastern Han Dynasty, and an explanation of the “Six Books”. The so-called “six books”, that pictographic, referring to things, knowing, shaped sound, note transfer, under the guise of six methods of making characters. This is from the warring States Xu et al. According to the Chinese character structure and usage, to be analyzed and summarized the font classification. We know some six books of knowledge, to identify Chinese characters, read ancient books have a certain role, the following six books for some simple introduction. First, the pictogram Xu Shen said: “Pictorial, painted as its object, with the body 诘 诎, the sun and the moon is also.” 诘 诎 is flexing, meaning is to describe the physical form, according to the shape of the object. Such as the sun and the moon () and other words. Hieroglyphics, that is, as the physical form. However, the text of our country has gone through the changes from the inscriptions of the inscriptions on the bones of the earth, the gold seal, the seal script, the scripture to the regular script, so it is hard to see the prototype of the pictograph.