目的评定注意缺陷多动障碍（ＡＤＨＤ）儿童的自我意识和家庭环境，并探讨二者与ＡＤＨＤ儿童的关系。方法应用Ｐｉｅｒｓ－Ｈａｒｒｉｓ儿童自我意识量表和家庭环境量表对７７例ＡＤＨＤ儿童进行评定。结果ＡＤＨＤ儿童自我意识低者占５３％，在行为、智力和学校、合群等方面低于正常儿童，家庭环境在亲密度、文化性等方面低于正常儿童家庭，而矛盾性高于正常家庭（Ｐ＜００１～００５）。结论ＡＤＨＤ儿童自我意识水平偏低，家庭环境较差。因此，对ＡＤＨＤ儿童药物治疗的同时，不可忽视心理治疗 Objective To assess the self-awareness and family environment of children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and to explore their relationship with children with ADHD. Methods 77 children with ADHD were assessed using the Piers-Harris Scale for Children’s Self-Consciousness and Family Environment Scale. Results Children with ADHD accounted for 53% of the children with low self-awareness, which was lower than that of normal children in behaviors, intelligence, school and gregariousness. The family environment was lower than that of normal children in intimacy and cultural aspects and was more contradictory than that in normal families P <001 ~ 005). Conclusion Children with ADHD have low self-awareness and poor family environment. Therefore, children with ADHD medication at the same time, can not be ignored psychological treatment