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“世界文学”近年来已成为国际人文学科的又一个热门话题。当年歌德之所以提出世界文学的构想,一个主要的原因就在于,他在读了包括中国文学在内的一些非西方文学作品后颇受启发故提出了这一构想。本文作者在西方学者的先期研究基础上,从比较的和中国的视角提出一种世界诗学的理论建构。作者认为,世界诗学的建构有着世界文学和比较诗学的基础,此外,近几年来认知诗学的异军突起和日臻成熟,也为我们建构一种普适性的文学阐释理论或世界诗学提供了必要的基础。在此基础上,作者认为,建构世界诗学的理论根据主要有这三点:(1)世界诗学是基于世界文学和比较诗学研究成果的一种理论升华,而当今占据主流的西方文论并未涵盖不同国别和民族的文学和理论经验;(2)迄今所有具有相对普适性的文学阐释理论都产生于西方语境,由于其语言和文化背景的局限,这些理论的提出者不可能将其涵盖东西方文学和理论的范畴和经验,尽管一些理论家凭着深厚的学养和理论把握能力通过强制性阐释使自己的理论教义也能用于非西方文学阐释,但毕竟漏洞很多;(3)中国学者始终关注西方文学理论的前沿课题,同时又有东方的本土文学和理论批评经验,因此中国学者完全有能力提出这一理论建构。作者在对建构世界诗学的路径加以阐释后指出,世界诗学构想的提出,有助于世界文学理论概念的进一步完善,它作为一个由中国学者提出并且值得国际学界关注和讨论的理论话题,将改变和修正现有的世界文学和文论格局。
“World Literature ” has become another hot topic in the international humanities in recent years. One of the main reasons why Goethe put forward the concept of world literature in that year was that he proposed this idea after enlightening some non-western literary works including Chinese literature. Based on the preliminary studies of western scholars, the author proposes a theoretical construction of world poetics from the perspective of comparison and China. The author believes that the construction of world poetics has the foundation of world literature and comparative poetics. In addition, the sudden emergence and maturity of cognitive poetics in recent years has also provided us with a universal literary interpretation theory or world poetics Provide the necessary foundation. On this basis, the author believes that there are three main theoretical bases for constructing world poetics: (1) World poetics is a theoretical distillation based on the research results of world literature and comparative poetics, and the western mainstream The theory does not cover the literary and theoretical experience of different countries and nations. (2) So far all the theories of literary interpretation that are relatively universal originate in Western contexts. Due to their linguistic and cultural backgrounds, the authors of these theories It is impossible to cover the scope and experience of Eastern and Western literature and theory. Although some theorists, with their profound academic support and theoretical abilities, can make their theoretical doctrine useful for non-Western literary interpretation through compulsory interpretation, they have many loopholes ; (3) Chinese scholars have always been concerned with the frontier issues of Western literary theory and have the experience of indigenous literary and theoretical criticism in the East. Therefore, Chinese scholars are fully capable of proposing this theoretical construct. After explaining the path of constructing world poetics, the author points out that the proposal of world poetics helps to further improve the concept of world literary theory. As a theoretical topic proposed by Chinese scholars and worthy of attention and discussion by international scholars, Will change and amend the existing pattern of world literature and literature.