随着改革开放持续不断的深入推进,经济也在不断发展,作为市场经济环节中的重要一员——企业,也在不断由内源融资转向外源融资和内源融资双向驱动。近三十年来,企业获取外部资金的方式逐步从银行贷款扩展到股票、债券、信托、资产管理计划等诸多形式,特别是新世纪以来,债券、信托、资管计划有了长足的发展,但受到市场完善程度和计划经济时代遗留观念的影响,出现了“刚性兑付”现象,给企业、银行、政府都带来了较大压力,从长远来看,是不利于经济发展的,也不利于银行进行全面风险管理。 With the continuous deepening of reform and opening up, the economy continues to develop. As an important member of the market economy, enterprises are also turning their internal financing to external financing and internal financing in a bidirectional way. Over the past three decades, the ways for enterprises to obtain external funds have been gradually expanded from bank loans to stocks, bonds, trusts and asset management plans. In particular, the bond, trust and asset management plans have made great strides since the new century. However, Affected by the degree of market sophistication and legacy concepts in the era of planned economy, there has been a phenomenon of “rigid payment ”, putting more pressure on enterprises, banks and governments and in the long run not conducive to economic development. Not conducive to the bank to conduct a comprehensive risk management.