20世纪下半叶,各类后学理论相继成熟,逐渐成为西方思想界的主流。后学主要的代表理论为后现代主义、后结构主义、后殖民主义和文化研究等。后学理论从哲学本体论、认识论和方法论上质疑启蒙主义的宏大叙述的将遍性和一统性,冲击了以现代主义为基础的西方各种主要的政治理沦和社会理论。从理论框架看,“这些以‘后’为 In the second half of the 20th century, various theories of post-school learning matured one after another and gradually became the mainstream of Western intellectual circles. The main representative theory of post-modernism is postmodernism, post-structuralism, post-colonialism and cultural studies. The post-scholasticism theory from the philosophical ontology, epistemology and methodology questioned the universality and unity of the grand narratives of enlightenment and attacked all the major Western political theories and theories based on modernism. From the theoretical framework, ”These to ’post’ as