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应用间接免疫荧光标记技术和激光共聚焦扫描显微镜成像技术观察了烟草小孢子母细胞减数分裂过程中微管的分布变化。在减数分裂前期,小孢子母细胞中的微管较短,随机分散在细胞质中。在减数分裂中期,细胞质中微管形成纺锤体,控制染色体的分布。进入减数分裂I后期,部分纺锤体微管将两组染色体拉向两级。在减数分裂Ⅱ中期,细胞中的微管又形成两个纺锤体。在减数分裂Ⅱ后期,纺锤体微管解聚为微管蛋白分散在细胞质中。胞质分裂发生在四个细胞核形成之后,通过细胞核之间的质膜向内缢缩分隔四个细胞核,产生四个小孢子。
Indirect immunofluorescence labeling and confocal laser scanning microscopy were used to observe the distribution of microtubules during meiosis of microspore mother cells. In the pre-meiotic stage, the microtubules in the microspore mother cells are short and randomly dispersed in the cytoplasm. During the metaphase, the microtubules in the cytoplasm form a spindle that controls the chromosomal distribution. Into the late meiosis I, some spindle microtubules will pull the two groups of chromosomes to two levels. During meiosis II, microtubules form two spindles in the cell. In the late stage of meiosis II, spindle microtubules are disaggregated into tubulin dispersed in the cytoplasm. Cytokinesis occurs after the formation of four nuclei and inwardly constricts four nuclei through the plasma membrane between the nuclei, producing four microspores.