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为挖掘玉米产量潜力,进一步提升玉米综合生产能力,利用在东北地区已验证的Hybrid-maize模型及多年气象数据对吉林省不同生态类型区[东部湿润生态区(桦甸)、中部半湿润生态区(公主岭)、西部半干旱生态区(乾安)]不同品种、播期和密度及其相互组合下的玉米产量潜力进行模拟,并对影响玉米高产稳产的因素进行定量分析,同时考虑产量潜力变异情况及品种本身的生产特性,构建了吉林省不同生态区玉米高产体系。研究结果表明:1)改变播期是一项重要的增产措施,不同生态区的表现不同,湿润区应选择早播,播种日期在4月20日左右较适宜,而半湿润和半干旱地区应尽量晚播,适宜播期应在5月中旬左右。2)不同生态区对密度的容纳能力表现为湿润区(桦甸)>半湿润区(公主岭)>半干旱区(乾安),3个地区的适宜密度分别为90 000株·hm~(-2)、80 000株·hm~(-2)和75 000株·hm~(-2)左右。3)选用生育期更长的品种表现出了较高的增产潜力,生产上应根据不同区域生态条件,尽量选择晚熟品种,在当前播期条件下半湿润和半干旱地区品种生育期内需要的有效生长积温(GDD)可增至1 600℃以上。4)与当前生产技术相比,将播期、密度、品种三者优化组合,高产体系长期平均产量潜力可增产14.39%~29.23%。本研究可为吉林省玉米高产措施的正确应用提供理论依据,为玉米产量大面积提升提供技术参考。
In order to tap the potential of maize yield and further improve the comprehensive maize productivity, using the proven Hybrid-maize model and multi-year meteorological data in northeastern China, the ecological characteristics of different ecological zones in Jilin Province [Huadian in the east, semi-humid ecotope (Gongzhuling), western semiarid area (Qian’an)], and the yield potential of maize under different combinations, sowing dates, planting densities and their combinations were simulated and the factors influencing the high yield and stable yield of maize were quantitatively analyzed. At the same time, the variation of yield potential Conditions and varieties of their own production characteristics, the construction of different ecological zones in Jilin corn high yield system. The results showed as follows: 1) Sowing date was an important stimulation measure, and the performance of different ecoregions was different. Early sowing should be selected in wetting area, and sowing dates should be suitable around April 20, while sub-humid and semi-arid areas should be suitable As late as possible, suitable for sowing should be around mid-May. (2) The capacity of different ecoregions for density is Huadian> semi-humid area (Gongzhuling)> semi-arid area (dry area), and the suitable density of the three areas are 90 000 plants · hm ~ 2), 80 000 plants · hm -2 and 75 000 plants · hm -2. 3) The selection of longer-growing varieties showed a higher yield potential, the production should be based on ecological conditions in different regions, as far as possible to select late-maturing varieties, sowing conditions in the current sowing period of semi-humid and semi- Effective growth temperature (GDD) can be increased to more than 1 600 ℃. 4) Compared with the current production technology, the combination of sowing date, planting density and variety will increase 14.39% ~ 29.23% of the potential yield of long-term average yield of high-yielding system. This study can provide a theoretical basis for the correct application of high yield corn measures in Jilin Province and provide a technical reference for large area corn yield increase.