目的调查江西地区食用含三聚氰胺奶粉所致婴幼儿泌尿系统结石的三间分布及其影响因素。方法对江西地区15 829例食用过含三聚氰胺奶粉、年龄≤3岁婴幼儿进行调查,分析该人群结石的发生率、影响因素等。结果江西地区食用含三聚氰胺奶粉所致婴幼儿泌尿系统结石男女性别比例为1.8∶1,农村儿童结石检出率高于城市。食用三鹿奶粉结石的发生率最高,而饮用井水、饮水量少和三聚氰胺配方奶粉食用时间长者更易形成结石。结论食用含三聚氰胺奶粉致泌尿系统结石发生率存在性别、城乡和年龄差异,且受饮用水质、饮水量和三聚氰胺配方奶粉食用时间等因素的影响,与补充钙剂与否无关。 Objective To investigate the three distributions of urinary tract stones in infants and young children caused by eating melamine milk powder and its influencing factors in Jiangxi Province. Methods A total of 15 829 cases of melamine infants aged less than 3 years old who had consumed melamine in Jiangxi Province were investigated. The incidence and influencing factors of stones were analyzed. Results The proportion of urinary stones in urinary tract caused by melamine milk powder consumption in Jiangxi Province was 1.8: 1. The detection rate of stone in rural children was higher than that in urban areas. Sanlu milk powder consumption incidence of the highest incidence of drinking well water, drinking less and older melamine formula eating more likely to form stones. Conclusions The incidence of urinary tract calculi with melamine milk powder varies with gender, urban and rural age and age, and is influenced by factors such as drinking water quality, drinking water amount and melamine formula consumption time, and has nothing to do with calcium supplementation.