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目的对来自江西的11份山药种质资源进行遗传多样性分析,并对其组培苗的遗传稳定性进行检测。方法采用RAPD-PCR技术。结果试验筛选出20条引物,共扩增出238个条带,其中234个为多态性带,平均每个引物扩增出多态性带11.7条,多态性条带比率为98.32%,材料间遗传相似系数为0.575 6~0.970 6,平均相似系数为0.723 1。根据UPGMA聚类分析结果,可在0.634 8的遗传相似系数上,将11份山药种质资源聚成5大类群(类群I~V)。其中第I类群只包含黄独;第II类群只包含瑞昌山药;第III类群包括南城淮山药1、千金薯、信州山药、永丰淮山药和铁棍山药,说明南城淮山药1、千金薯、信州山药、永丰淮山药与来源于河南焦作市温县的铁棍山药亲缘关系较近;第IV类包括南城山药、南城淮山药2、广丰药薯;第V类只包括泰和竹篙薯。这个结果表明江西山药种质资源遗传多样性还是比较丰富的。同时,江西山药带芽茎段连续继代6次后的组培苗(处理组)及其微型块茎实生苗(对照组)的RAPD分析结果也表明,11份山药品种均扩出126~179条可辨认的条带,每个品种的处理组和对照组均出现了5~18条变异条带数,表明江西山药各个品种带芽茎段连续继代6次后的组培苗存在着一定的体细胞无性系变异,但它们与微型块茎萌发实生苗的遗传相似系数还是比较高,说明它们的遗传性状还是比较稳定的,并未影响到其基因型。结论本实验结果可为江西山药引种育种、资源改良、品种鉴定、种质保存及其种苗培育提供可靠依据。
Objective To analyze the genetic diversity of 11 Chinese yam germplasm resources from Jiangxi and to test the genetic stability of tissue culture seedlings. Methods RAPD-PCR was used. Results A total of 20 primers were screened out, of which 238 bands were amplified, of which 234 were polymorphic bands, with an average of 11.7 polymorphic bands per primer. The percentage of polymorphic bands was 98.32% The genetic similarity coefficient was 0.575 6 ~ 0.970 6 with the average similarity coefficient of 0.723 1. According to the results of UPGMA cluster analysis, 11 accessions of yam germplasm could be clustered into five groups (groups I ~ V) on the genetic similarity coefficient of 0.634 8. Group I only contains yellow monkeys; Group II contains only Ruchang yam; Group III includes Nancheng yam yam 1, Qianjin potato, Shinshu yam, Yongfeng yam and iron stick yam, Nancheng yam medicine 1, , Shinshu Yam, Yongfeng yam and Iron Mountain Yam originating from Wen County, Jiaozuo City, Henan Province. The fourth group includes Nancheng yam, Nancheng yam yam 2 and Guangfeng potatoes. Yam. This result shows that the genetic diversity of Jiangxi yam germplasm resources is still relatively rich. At the same time, RAPD analysis of tissue culture seedlings (treated group) and its mini tuber seedlings (control group) of Jiangxi yam bud with stems continuously sub-6 times also showed that 126 cultivars of yam varieties expanded from 126 to 179 The identifiable bands, each treatment group and control group showed a band of 5 to 18 mutants, indicating that there is a certain amount of Somatic clonal variation, but their genetic similarity coefficient with mini tuber germination seedlings is still relatively high, indicating that their genetic trait is still relatively stable, did not affect its genotype. Conclusion The results of this experiment can provide a reliable basis for the introduction and breeding, resource improvement, variety identification, germplasm preservation and seedling cultivation of Jiangxi yam.