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文章回顾了20世纪80年代墨西哥出口导向型模式的成因,比较改革前后经济增长绩效、社会福利和国内市场等社会经济发展指标的变化,评价墨西哥出口导向型模式的实际效果。认为出口导向模式虽然极大地促进了墨西哥的出口和FDI增长,但却造成墨西哥经济结构过于依赖外部市场,导致内需萎缩、技术能力升级缓慢等弊端。文章最后归纳了墨西哥改革经验对中国经济发展模式的启示,认为中国4万亿的投资措施是有效拉动国内需求,转变经济增长模式的良好契机。
The article reviews the causes of Mexico’s export-oriented model in the 1980s, compares the changes in economic growth performance, social welfare and the domestic social and economic development before and after the reform, and evaluates the actual effect of Mexico’s export-oriented model. Although the export-oriented model has greatly promoted Mexico’s export and FDI growth, it has caused the Mexican economy to rely too much on the external market, resulting in shrinking domestic demand and slow technological upgrading. Finally, the article summarizes the enlightenment of Mexico’s reform experience on China’s economic development model and holds that 4 trillion yuan of China’s investment measures are a good opportunity to effectively stimulate domestic demand and transform the mode of economic growth.