一、托马斯·哈代的宿命论苔丝的一生充分体现了哈代的宿命论思想。这为苔丝的悲剧命运定了基调。哈代创作的时期也正是英国从自由资本主义向帝国主义过渡的阶段,他看到资本主义的侵入给他的故乡——远离城市文明和工业喧嚣的古朴荒原威塞克斯带来的毁灭性的灾难,尤其是给农民带来的 First, Thomas Hardy’s fatalism Tess’s life fully embodies Hardy’s fatalism. This set the tone for Tess’s tragic fate. The period of Hardy’s creation was exactly the stage at which Britain transitioned from liberal capitalism to imperialism. He saw the devastating effects of capitalist intrusion on his hometown, the Waukesha, the ancient steppe away from the urban civilization and industrial hustle and bustle Disaster, especially to the peasants