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食源性微生物是影响食品安全的主要因素之一,本文回顾了食源性微生物引起的食源性疾病及对人类的危害;介绍了国内外7种食源性微生物快速检测技术的研究现状,指出常规的微生物专用酶快速反应检测技术、分析化学技术、载体技术、代谢学技术、免疫分析检测技术、分子生物检测技术以及其它新生物学技术检测方法,的灵敏度和专一性有一定提高,但操作繁琐;现在发展的分子生物学方法为食品中快速、灵敏的病毒检测带来了更多的希望,各种快速检测方法还只是实践中的一个参考。其今后的发展方向主要是:克服现有分子生物学方法的缺点,最好能定量测定微生物细胞特征活性能,简化程序,提高效率。
Foodborne microorganisms are one of the main factors that affect food safety. This paper reviews the foodborne diseases caused by foodborne microorganisms and their harm to human beings. The current research status of rapid detection of 7 foodborne microorganisms at home and abroad are introduced, It is pointed out that the sensitivity and specificity of conventional microbial specific enzyme rapid reaction detection technology, analytical chemistry technology, carrier technology, metabolic technology, immunoassay detection technology, molecular biological detection technology and other new biological technology detection methods have been improved. But the operation is cumbersome. The current development of molecular biology methods bring more hope for rapid and sensitive virus detection in food, and various rapid detection methods are only a reference in practice. The future development of the main directions are: to overcome the shortcomings of existing molecular biology methods, the best quantitative determination of microbial cell activity characteristics, simplify procedures and improve efficiency.