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伦理首先应当是社会学意义的,而非哲学意义的。所以,研究伦理问题必须要关注社会所提供的相应条件。这些条件大致应当包括:(1)一个稳固的社会共同体;(2)一套为社会共同体成员所普遍且必须遵守的规范;(3)为落实共同体的规范而牢固建立于基层的教育。对此,有两个十分经典的例证:犹太社会的宗教伦理系统和中国宋以后社会的宗族伦理系统。前者由此提供了西亚和欧洲的伦理模式;后者则提供了东亚的伦理模式。
Ethics should first be sociological, not philosophical. Therefore, the study of ethical issues must pay attention to the social conditions provided by the corresponding. These conditions should broadly include: (1) a solid community of society; (2) a set of norms that are common and must be observed by members of the community; and (3) that education be firmly established at the grassroots level for the implementation of the Community’s norms. There are two very classic examples of this: the religious ethics system in Jewish society and the clan ethical system in China after Song. The former thus provides the ethical model in West Asia and Europe; the latter provides the ethical model in East Asia.