20世纪20年代初的联省自治运动根源于清末民初资产阶级倡导的联邦思想,它既是民元以来资产阶级同军阀专制势力斗争的结果,又是民族资本主义进一步发展的产物。因为历史条件、社会背景等各方面的因素,联省自治思想具有准备不足、缺乏实施基础、主观性太强等缺陷。而且,它虽然以消除军阀割据,实现国家统一为目的,实际上却又成为了地方军阀实行武装割据的法律依据,具有根深蒂固的悖论特征。 The self-government movement in the early 1920s was rooted in the federalism advocated by the bourgeoisie during the late Qing and early Republican periods. It was not only the result of the struggle between the bourgeoisie and the authoritarian forces in the warlords but also the further development of national capitalism since the founding of the People’s Republic of China. Because of historical conditions, social background and other factors, the idea of ​​self-government in the province is deficient in preparation, lack of implementation basis and subjectivity. Moreover, although it is aimed at eliminating the warlords and bringing about the reunification of the country, it has in fact become the legal basis for the armed warlords to be put in place by local warlords, and has a deep-rooted paradox.