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经历阪神大地震的冲击之后,日本企业开始在加强自身灾害管理的基础上参与国家灾害管理。基于灾害管理全过程的分析框架,通过对从阪神地震到3·11地震日本企业参与灾害管理的考察发现,日本企业在防灾参与能力、备灾参与能力、应急参与能力和参与重建能力上都有了较大幅度提高,由阪神地震时停留在灾后捐款捐物的低水平向基于灾害管理全过程专业化方向发展。尽管如此,无论从企业自身还是国家相关政策上看,其参与灾害管理能力建设都还存在明显不足。今后努力的方向是,日本政府需要在公共政策体系中完善灾害管理体系中的企业参与制度设计,建立政府、企业与社会三位一体的灾害治理体制机制;日本企业则应以“3·11”地震为契机,进一步强化基于战略优势的参与灾害管理能力建设,使参与灾害管理常态化、专业化、战略化。
After experiencing the impact of the Great Hanshin Earthquake, Japanese companies began to participate in national disaster management on the basis of strengthening their own disaster management. Based on the analysis framework of the whole process of disaster management, through the investigation of Japanese companies participating in disaster management from the Hanshin Earthquake to the 3.11 earthquake, they found that Japanese companies are able to participate in both disaster prevention and disaster prevention capabilities, preparedness for disaster participation, emergency participation and reconstruction With a substantial increase, the low level of donations and donations staying in the aftermath of the Hanshin Earthquake developed toward the specialization based on the whole process of disaster management. In spite of this, no matter whether it is from the enterprises themselves or the relevant policies of the country, there are still obvious deficiencies in their ability to participate in disaster management. The direction of future efforts is that the Japanese government needs to improve the design of the enterprise participation system in the disaster management system in the public policy system and set up the institutional and institutional mechanisms for disaster management of the government, enterprises and the society. Japanese enterprises should adopt “3 · 11” Earthquake as an opportunity to further strengthen the ability to participate in disaster management based on strategic advantages to enable participation in disaster management normalization, specialization and strategy.