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目的 :通过分析近5年怀化市0~4岁儿童死亡监测中儿童死亡率的变化趋势及主要死因构成,为政府制定进一步降低5岁以下儿童死亡率措施提供科学依据。结果 :5年来,监测地区5岁以下儿童死亡率呈逐年下降趋势。主要死亡原因按顺位依次为早产和低出生体重、肺炎、先天性心脏病、出生窒息、其他先天异常、意外窒息、交通意外和溺水等8种因素。新生儿死亡前5位死因依次为早产和低出生体重、出生窒息、肺炎、先天性心脏病和其他先天异常等。死前接受住院治疗的儿童呈现明显上升趋势。结论 :采取多种措施,减少新生儿死亡是降低怀化市5岁以下儿童死亡率的关键。另外,加大儿童疾病综合管理技术在基层医疗机构的推广应用;减少出生缺陷;加强宣传教育,降低意外的发生;均可有效的减少5岁以下儿童死亡。
OBJECTIVE: To provide a scientific basis for the government to formulate measures to further reduce the mortality rate of children under 5 years of age by analyzing the change trend and the main causes of death of children aged 0 ~ 4 in Huaihua City in recent 5 years. Results: In the past five years, the mortality rate of children under 5 years of age in the monitoring area showed a declining trend year by year. The main causes of death were 8 factors: premature birth and low birth weight, pneumonia, congenital heart disease, birth asphyxia, other congenital anomalies, accidental suffocation, traffic accidents and drowning. The five leading causes of neonatal death were premature birth and low birth weight, birth asphyxia, pneumonia, congenital heart disease and other congenital abnormalities. Children admitted to hospital before death showed a clear upward trend. Conclusion: Taking various measures to reduce neonatal deaths is the key to reducing the mortality rate of children under 5 in Huaihua City. In addition, increasing the application of integrated management of childhood diseases in the promotion and application of primary medical institutions; reducing birth defects; strengthening publicity and education to reduce accidents; and effectively reducing the deaths of children under 5 years of age.