microRNA(miRNA)是一类长约19~25 nt的单链小分子RNA,是非编码RNA家族的重要成员之一。越来越多的证据显示miRNA与精子生成过程关系密切。通过分析不同动物物种间睾丸组织中的变化,显示其在参与精子形成过程中相关蛋白的合成、腔隙的形成,间接调控精子运动以及维持精子成熟、支持细胞成熟中存在作用;同时随着测序及芯片技术的发展,对正常男性、输精管切除者及不同病理类型非阻塞性无精子症患者的精液或睾丸组织进行相关miRNA检测,发现越来越多与人类生精过程有关的miRNA。 MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of single-stranded small molecule RNAs about 19-25 nt in length that are important members of the non-coding RNA family. More and more evidences show that miRNA is closely related to spermatogenesis. By analyzing the changes in the testis tissue of different animal species, it shows that they play an important role in the synthesis of related proteins involved in the process of spermatogenesis, the formation of lacunas, the indirect regulation of sperm motility, the maintenance of sperm maturation and the support of cell maturation. Meanwhile, And the development of microarray technology, the related miRNAs were detected in semen or testis of normal male, vasectominer and non-obstructive azoospermia patients, and more and more miRNAs related to human spermatogenesis were found.