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针对大型商用飞机对核电厂反应堆安全壳恶意撞击的安全评估需求,综述了国外确定飞机撞击安全壳载荷曲线的基础理论、试验测试技术和数值模拟方法。首先,从理论上对飞机撞击安全壳的载荷特性和Riera撞击模型进行分析,给出了Riera模型的基本假设、模型各项物理意义及模型的求解方法,明确了靶体碰撞表面的冲击载荷(力)由静载项和动载项组成;其次,分析总结了确定Riera模型中压损载荷参数的试验方法和真实飞机撞击载荷测量的试验技术和实施方法,指出大型商用飞机对核电厂反应堆安全壳恶意撞击属“软冲击”范畴,撞击载荷可用Riera模型计算得到;再者,在数值模拟方面,总结了采用有限元技术进行飞机撞击载荷计算和安全评估的数值模拟方法及其发展趋势;最后,在分析国内开展飞机撞击载荷研究面临问题的基础上,指出从理论上建立飞机撞击载荷-时间曲线计算模型及方法,并通过试验和数值模拟验证是国内确定大型商用飞机撞击安全壳结构载荷曲线比较可行的技术路线。
Aiming at the requirements of large commercial aircraft for safety assessment of malicious impact of reactor containment in nuclear power plants, the basic theories, test techniques and numerical simulation methods for determining the impact load of aircraft crash containment abroad are reviewed. Firstly, the paper analyzes the load characteristics and the Riera impact model of the aircraft crashing containment in theory, and presents the basic assumptions of the Riera model, the physical meaning of the model and the solution of the model. The impact load of the collision surface of the target Force) is composed of static load and dynamic load. Secondly, the experimental methods to determine the pressure drop load parameters in Riera model and the experimental techniques and implementation methods of real aircraft impact load measurement are analyzed and summarized. It is pointed out that large commercial aircraft have great impact on reactor safety of nuclear power plant In the aspect of numerical simulation, the numerical simulation methods for the calculation and safety assessment of aircraft impact load with the finite element method are summarized, and their development trends are summarized Finally, based on the analysis of the problems in the study of aircraft impact load in China, it is pointed out that the calculation model and method of aircraft impact load-time curve are established theoretically and verified by experiments and numerical simulations that it is the first time to confirm the impact of large commercial aircraft crash containment structure Load curve more feasible technical route.