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目的:了解湟源县乙型肝炎发病情况及流行病学特征,为制定控制策略和措施提供科学依据。方法:采用描述流行病学方法,对2005年—2014年湟源县乙型肝炎疫情资料进行统计分析。结果:2005年—2009年发病呈上升趋势。2010年起发病率均有所下降,至2013年趋于平缓状态;发病率城镇高于农村,差异有显著性;职业构成中农民所占比例最高,占乙型肝炎总数的71.00%,幼托儿童及散居儿童病例构成最低。结论:15岁以下儿童乙肝免疫防治策略已初见成效,应在加强新生儿及儿童乙型肝炎免疫接种工作的同时,加大对中青年及农村劳动人口乙型肝炎疫苗的免疫接种工作,乙肝防控工作重点应转移至农村偏远地区。
Objective: To understand the incidence and epidemiological characteristics of hepatitis B in Laiyuan County, and to provide a scientific basis for formulating control strategies and measures. Methods: Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the epidemiological data of hepatitis B in Laiyuan County from 2005 to 2014. Results: The incidence increased from 2005 to 2009. The prevalence rate decreased from 2010 to the year of 2013, while the incidence rate in urban areas was higher than that in rural areas with significant difference. Among the occupational occupations, the proportion of peasants was the highest, accounting for 71.00% of the total number of hepatitis B patients. Children and diaspora minor cases constitute the lowest. Conclusion: Hepatitis B immunization strategy has achieved initial success in children under 15 years of age. Hepatitis B immunization should be intensified both in young and middle-aged and rural working population while strengthening hepatitis B immunization for newborns and children. Hepatitis B Prevention and control should focus shifted to remote rural areas.