论文部分内容阅读
经对河北省中部地区的200多个果园进行实际调查和果农问卷调查，了解到目前果园病虫害发生普遍严重。苹果上常发的病虫害有14种，其中最重要的是轮纹病、腐烂病、碳疽病、叶螨类、干腐病和蚜虫。梨树上常发的病虫害有15种，其中黑星病、梨木虱、轮纹病、腐烂病和黑心病最为普遍。在1985～1997年的13a中，苹果轮纹病和斑点落叶病以及梨黑星病和黑心病在1986，1991，1994和1995年发生程度严重，金纹细蛾在最近7a中危害严重，梨木虱和叶螨类在1989，1992和1997年发生严重，从整体来看，病虫害的危害有逐年加重的趋势。药剂防治已经成为果树生产的重要举措，经调查果农常年在苹果和梨上平均喷药13次左右，最高达20～22次，每667m2土地平均花费为240元以上，最高达750元。因病虫害造成的损失均在20％以上，明确果园的主要病虫害种类、危害及其防治现状，对于从宏观上提高果因病虫害综合防治具有重要的意义。
After more than 200 orchards in the central part of Hebei Province were surveyed and questionnaires of fruit growers, we learned that the current occurrence of pests and diseases in orchards is generally serious. There are 14 pests and diseases that are common on apple. The most important ones are apple ring rot, rot disease, anthracnose, spider mite, dry rot and aphids. Pear trees often have pests and diseases 15 species, including scab, pear psylla, ring rot, rot and black heart disease most common. In the period from 1985 to 1997, apple stripe and speckle leaf blight and pears scab and black heart disease occurred to a high degree in 1986, 1991, 1994 and 1995. The gold moth was severely endangered in the recent 7 years. Louse and spider mite occurred serious in 1989, 1992 and 1997. Overall, the pest and disease hazards tended to increase year by year. Pharmacy control has become an important measure for the production of fruit trees. After investigation, peasants averaged about 13 times spraying pesticides on apples and pears up to 20 ~ 22 times. The average cost per land of 667m2 is over 240 yuan, up to 750 yuan. The losses caused by pests and diseases are all above 20%. It is of great significance to clarify the main types of pests and diseases and the status of their prevention and control in the orchards.